Adam Retter

adam@evolvedbinary.com

@adamretter

• Consultant

  • Scala / Java

  • Concurrency

  • XQuery, XSLT

• Open Source Hacker

  • Predominantly NoSQL Database Internals

  • e.g. eXist, RocksDB, Shadoop (Hadoop M/R framework)

• W3C Invited Expert for XQuery WG

• Author of  the "eXist" book for O'Reilly

• XML Summer School Faculty (13/09/15)

1. The Portability Problem

2. Previous Efforts

3. Processor Varieties

4. Our Solution

• XPDL

  • XPath Derived Language e.g. XQuery/XSLT/XProc/XForms

  • Typically uses F+O as Standard Library

• Assumption: We want to write apps in XPDLs

  • Less code/impedance-mismatch

    • ~67% reduction in LoC vs Java ¹

  • Serve/Process the Web

  • Process structure/semi-structured data

  • Process mixed-content

¹ Developing an Enterprise Web Application in XQuery
http://download.28msec.com/sausalito/technical_reading/enterprise_webapps.pdf

• Seem like a good idea at the time

  • Easy/Quick to get something done

• Many Types

  • Syntax extensions

    • e.g xquery "1.0-ml";

  • Data Type Extensions

    • e.g xs:binary-document

  • Deviation from Standards

    • e.g fn:matches($input*, $pattern)

  • Indexes, Triggers, etc.

  • Extension Functions

• Our focus, due to their impact

  • Disguised by standard function call interface

    • FunctionCall ::= EQName ArgumentList

  • Distributed throughout an XPDL code-base

• XPDL Extension Functions

  • Typically implemented in lower-level language

    • C / C++ / Java / .NET etc.

  • Vendor/Processor specific

    • Consistent across processor versions?

  • EXPath

    • Requires reimplementation for every processor

    • Not supported by all processors

• Introduce Hurdles to Portability

• Restrict user freedom

  • Vendor lock-in

  • Lesson the impact of frameworks

• Fragment the XPDL community

  • Create knowledge/skills silos

  • Reduce code-sharing

  • Limit code-reuse

  • Reduce collaboration

  • XPDL Processor specific forks of XPDL apps

• XSLT 1.1 (2000)

  • Stated primary goal - " improve stylesheet portability"

  • Adds xsl:script for extension functions

  • Highly contentious. Abandoned!

• EXSLT (2001)

  • Extended the XSLT 1.0 Standard Library

  • Just a Specification

  • Each vendor implemented for own processor

• FunctX (2006)

  • A Library of >150 useful common functions

  • Implementations in both XQuery and XSLT

• EXQuery (2008)

  • Just one specification to date: RESTXQ

  • Common implementation in Java

• EXPath (2009)

  • Standards for extension functions

  • Some common implementations in Java

• Standards are nice, but require implementations

  • Really need >50% of market-share to implement

• Vendors are lazy/limited

  • Standards are often retrospective!

• Implementation Type Mapping (XSLT 1.1)

  • Showed great promise for integration

  • Must be implementation language agnostic

• No single language for low-level implementation

  • Won't be accepted by developers

  • Won't be accepted by vendors

• XPDL Processors are surprisingly similar!

interface StandardFunc {
  Item item(QueryContext qc, InputInfo ii) throws QueryException;
}

interface BasicFunction {
  Sequence eval(Sequence[] args, Sequence contextSequence)
    throws XPathException;
}

interface ExtensionFunctionCall {
  SequenceIterator call(SequenceIterator[] arguments, XPathContext context)
    throws XPathException;
}

class XQFunction {
  public:
    Sequence createSequence(DynamicContext* context, int flags=0) const;
};

• We want to support XPDL Extension Functions

  • For all XPDL processors

  • What XPDL procesor implementations exist?

• Focus on Extension Function Implementation

  • Standardisation is alive in W3C and EXPath

  • Ideally implement just once (ever!)

  • Ideally compatible with any XPDL processor

• Polyglot

  • Must support at least Java and C++ implementations

  • Ideally also C for integration with other languages

• Specify an Implementation Type Mapping

  • XDM types to/from XPDL processor implementation language types

• Source-to-source Compilation

  • Using the Haxe cross-platform tookit

  • Haxe Lang for high-level implementation

    • Similar to ECMAScript

  • Haxe cross-compiler for target implementation

• XDM Implementation Type Mapping to Haxe Lang Interfaces

• Function Implementation Type Mapping to Haxe Lang Interfaces

  • Based on: XPath 3.0 Function Call

  • Based on: XQuery 3.0 Function Declaration

interface Item {
  public function stringValue() : xpdl.xdm.String;
}

interface AnyType {}

interface AnyAtomicType extends Item extends AnyType {}

class Boolean implements AnyAtomicType {
  var value: Bool;
  public function new(value) {
    this.value = value;
  }
  public function stringValue() {
    return new xpdl.xdm.String(Std.string(value));
  }
  public function haxe() {
    return value;
  }
}

class String implements AnyAtomicType {
  var value: HString;
  public function new(value) {
    this.value = value;
  }
  public function stringValue() {
    return this;
  }
  public function haxe() {
    return value;
  }
}

interface Function {

    public function signature() : FunctionSignature;

    public function eval(arguments: Array<Argument>, context: Context) : Sequence;
}

class FunctionSignature {
    var name: QName;
    var returnType: SequenceType;
    var paramLists: Array<Array<Param>>;

    public function new(name, returnType, paramLists) {
        this.name = name;
        this.returnType = returnType;
        this.paramLists = paramLists;
    }
}

• https://github.com/exquery/xpdl-extension-lib

• Implementation of EXPath File Module

  • Implemented in Haxe Lang

  • Coded to XDM Implementation Type Mapping Interfaces

• Focused on just file:exists function

  •  

  • Function Call Type + Function Implementation Type

  • xs:string

  • xs:boolean

• Status

  • Runnable on any processor that supports Haxe Implementation Type Mapping

file:exists($path as xs:string) as xs:boolean

class ExistsFunction implements Function {

    private static var sig = new FunctionSignature(
        new QName("exists", FileModule.NAMESPACE, FileModule.PREFIX),
        new SequenceType(Some(new ItemOccurrence(Boolean))),
        [
            [
                new Param(new QName("path"),
                new SequenceType(Some(new ItemOccurrence(xpdl.xdm.Item.String))))
            ]
        ]
    );

    public function new() {}

    public function signature() {
        return sig;
    }

    public function eval(arguments : Array<Argument>, context: Context) {
        var path = arguments[0].getArgument().iterator().next().stringValue().haxe();
        var exists = FileSystem.exists(path);
        return new ArraySequence( [ new Boolean(exists) ] );
    }
}

• Added support to eXist

  • Static mapping of Haxe XDM types

  • Dynamic mapping of Haxe function call interfaces

    • Bytecode generation of classes and objects: cglib

  • Currently ~300 lines of Java code

• Status

  • https://github.com/eXist-db/exist/tree/xpdl-extensions/src/org/exist/xpdl

  • Supports Haxe XDM Function Implementation Type Mapping

  • Supports Haxe XDM Implementation Type Mapping

• Implement Once

• Cross-Compile and Compile Once

• Supports any processor

  • Requires Vendor to ( just once) implement:

    • XDM Implementation Type Mapping

    • Function Implementation Type Mapping

XPDL Extension
Function in
Haxe

XQuery

XSLT

XPath

XProc

XForms